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Griffith Rutherford
Griffith Rutherford (c. 1721 – August 10, 1805) was an officer in the American Revolutionary War, a political leader in North Carolina, and an important figure in the early history of the Southwest Territory and the state of Tennessee.
During the French and Indian War, Rutherford became a captain of a local British colonial militia. He continued serving in the militia until the start of the revolution in 1775, at which time he enlisted in the North Carolina militia as a colonel. He was appointed to the post of brigadier general of the "Salisbury District" in May 1776, and participated in the initial phases of the Cherokee–American wars against the Cherokee Indians along the frontier. In June 1780, he was partly responsible for the Loyalist defeat in the Battle of Ramsour's Mill. Rutherford was present at the Battle of Camden on August 16, 1780, where he was taken prisoner by the British. After being exchanged in 1781, Rutherford participated in several other campaigns, including further attacks on the Chickamauga faction of the Cherokee.
Originally from Ireland, Rutherford immigrated with his parents to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Colony, at the age of eighteen. In 1753 he moved to Rowan County, in the Province of North Carolina, where he married Elizabeth Graham. An active member of his community, Rutherford served in multiple civil occupations. He was a representative of both houses of the North Carolina House of Commons, as well as an unsuccessful candidate for governor. Rutherford was an advocate of the anti-federalist movement, and was appointed President of the Legislative Council of the Southwest Territory in 1794. Rutherford retired to Sumner County, Tennessee, where he died on August 10, 1805, at the age of 84.
==Early life==
Little is known about Griffith Rutherford's early life. Born in Ireland in either 1721 or 1731〔MacDonald p. 11〕 to John Rutherford, who was of Ulster Scots descent, and Elizabeth (née Griffin), who was of Welsh descent,〔Ashe p. 381〕 he appears clearly in records after his immigration to Philadelphia at the age of eighteen.〔Wakelyn p. 176〕 His parents died during the voyage from Ireland, and for a while he worked on a relative's farm,〔 where he was taught how to survey land.〔MacDonald p. 13〕 Around 1753, he moved to Rowan County, North Carolina Colony, and bought a tract of land about seven miles (11 km) from Salisbury; this was the first of several land purchases he made during the 1750s.〔MacDonald p. 21〕 The following year Rutherford married his neighbor's sister, Elizabeth Graham, who eventually bore him ten children.〔〔MacDonald p. 22〕 One of their sons, James Rutherford, later became a major during the Revolutionary War, dying at the Battle of Eutaw Springs.〔Ashe p. 382〕 Rutherford also became friends with Daniel Boone during this time, with whom he often went on hunting and surveying expeditions.〔MacDonald p. 20〕 After the French and Indian War, Rutherford became increasingly active in community affairs. He was listed as a member of the North Carolina General Assembly in 1766, a sheriff and justice of the peace of Rowan County from 1767 to 1769, and a tax collector.〔Clark p. 575〕
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